تحليل البول

Macroscopic examination :



Colour :

Amber yellow normal

pale yellow diabetes

deep yellow excessive exercise

greenish yellow juandice or pt takes ribofluvin

orange hepatitis

black phenol toxicity

blue green thyphoid fever

milky pus or xss lipid





odour :

aromatic odour normal

acetone odour diabetic





specific gravity:

depend on total salt & soild in urine

1010 -1025 normal.

>1025 diabetes (xss glucose in urine )

Nephrosis (xss protein in urine)

افتكروا انها كانت بتعتمد على نسبة الاملاح فى البول فلما الجلوكوز والبروتين هيزيدوا فى البول هتزيد ه saى كمان

<1010 diabetes insipidus





PH:

Acidic normal

Alkaline inflammation or he is avegeterin.





Chemical properties:



Glucose sugar :

(Nil :normal international level )





+ Glucose level is 200





++ glucose level is 300





~ N.B:

Glucose will never pass the kidney to the urine unless its level exceed 180 mg/dl less than this level u won't find glucose in the urine (nil)

Microscopic examination :





RBCs:

1-2 nil or normal international level

4-6 ca oxalate in the kidney

ال ca oxalate بيجرح فى kidney وتنزل RBCs فى البول

20-50 stones in kidney





Pus cell:

0-2 nil

10-20 acute infection

Over 100 UTI

لازم بعدها اعمل مزرعة بول عشان احدد نوع m.o وابدى العلاج





Epithelial cell:

Male: nil

Female: +1 ( noramlly found in females)





Crystal: nil





Amorphus materials: nil





Cysts: nil





Parasite: nil

N.B:

Parasite that maybe found in urine is 3:

Oxyuris.

Sh.hematobium.

Trichomonas